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Azure S2S VPN connections provide secure, cross-premises connectivity between customer premises and Azure. This tutorial walks through IPsec S2S VPN connection life cycles such as creating and managing a S2S VPN connection. You learn how to:

  • Create an S2S VPN connection
  • Update the connection property: pre-shared key, BGP, IPsec/IKE policy
  • Add more VPN connections
  • Delete a VPN connection

Jun 22, 2016  Under GroupVPN Client tab, if “Use Default Key for Simple Client Provisioning” option is enabled the Global VPN client will automatically fetch the Pre-shared Key when connecting to a SonicWALL Security Appliance, and hence will not prompt for it. RFC 6617 Secure PSK Authentication for IKE June 2012 1.Introduction allows for authentication of the IKE peers using a pre- shared key.This exchange, though, is susceptible to dictionary attack and is therefore insecure when used with weak pre-shared keys, such as human-memorizable passwords. The Code4use WPA Pre-shared Key Generator provides an easy way to convert a WPA passphrase and SSID to the 256-bit pre-shared ('raw') key used for key derivation. WPA-PSK (pre-shared key) mode, this is designed for home and small office networks and doesn't require an authentication server. So you may simply snip off whatever length of random hex characters you require for your system's WEP key. Note that if all of your equipment supports the use of the new longer 256/232 bit WEP keys, you would use 232/4 or 58 hexadecimal characters for your pre-shared key. 63 printable ASCII characters hashed down to 256 binary bits.

Update the VPN connection pre-shared key, BGP, and IPsec/IKE policy View and update your pre-shared key. Azure S2S VPN connection uses a pre-shared key (secret) to authenticate between your on-premises VPN device and the Azure VPN gateway. How to generate secure pre-shared keys (PSK) for an IPSec VPN I build VPNs regularly, and one of the problems that comes up regularly is how to exchange PSK's. Some people are happy to exchange them over email, and others not (particularly because of ISO/IEC 27002).

The following diagram shows the topology for this tutorial:

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Working with Azure Cloud Shell and Azure PowerShell

This article uses PowerShell cmdlets. To run the cmdlets, you can use Azure Cloud Shell. The Azure Cloud Shell is a free interactive shell that you can use to run the steps in this article. It has common Azure tools preinstalled and configured to use with your account.

To open the Cloud Shell, just select Try it from the upper right corner of a code block. You can also launch Cloud Shell in a separate browser tab by going to https://shell.azure.com/powershell. Select Copy to copy the blocks of code, paste it into the Cloud Shell, and press enter to run it.

Requirements

Complete the first tutorial: Create VPN gateway with Azure PowerShell to create the following resources:

  1. Resource group (TestRG1), virtual network (VNet1), and the GatewaySubnet
  2. VPN gateway (VNet1GW)

The virtual network parameter values are listed below. Note the additional values for the local network gateway which represent your on-premises network. Change the values below based on your environment and network setup, then copy and paste to set the variables for this tutorial. If your Cloud Shell session times out, or you need to use a different PowerShell window, copy and paste the variables to your new session and continue the tutorial.

Note

If you are using this to make a connection, be sure to change the values to match your on-premises network. If you are just running these steps as a tutorial, you don't need to make changes, but the connection will not work.

The workflow to create an S2S VPN connection is straightforward:

  1. Create a local network gateway to represent your on-premises network
  2. Create a connection between your Azure VPN gateway and the local network gateway

Create a local network gateway

A local network gateway represents your on-premises network. You can specify the properties of your on-premises network in the local network gateway, including:

  • Public IP address of your VPN device
  • On-premises address space
  • (Optional) BGP attributes (BGP peer IP address and AS number)

Create a local network gateway with the New-AzLocalNetworkGateway command.

Create a S2S VPN connection

Next, create a Site-to-Site VPN connection between your virtual network gateway and your VPN device with the New-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayConnection. Notice that the '-ConnectionType' for Site-to-Site VPN is IPsec.

Add the optional '-EnableBGP $True' property to enable BGP for the connection if you are using BGP. It is disabled by default. Parameter '-ConnectionProtocol' is optional with IKEv2 as default. You can create the connection with IKEv1 protocols by specifying -ConnectionProtocol IKEv1.

Update the VPN connection pre-shared key, BGP, and IPsec/IKE policy

View and update your pre-shared key

Azure S2S VPN connection uses a pre-shared key (secret) to authenticate between your on-premises VPN device and the Azure VPN gateway. You can view and update the pre-shared key for a connection with Get-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayConnectionSharedKey and Set-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayConnectionSharedKey.

Important

The pre-shared key is a string of printable ASCII characters no longer than 128 in length.

This command shows the pre-shared key for the connection:

The output will be 'Azure@!b2C3' following the example above. Use the command below to change the pre-shared key value to 'Azure@!_b2=C3':

Enable BGP on VPN connection

Azure VPN gateway supports BGP dynamic routing protocol. You can enable BGP on each individual connection, depending on whether you are using BGP in your on-premises networks and devices. Specify the following BGP properties before enabling BGP on the connection:

  • Azure VPN ASN (Autonomous System Number)
  • On-premises local network gateway ASN
  • On-premises local network gateway BGP peer IP address

If you have not configured the BGP properties, the following commands add these properties to your VPN gateway and local network gateway: Set-AzVirtualNetworkGateway and Set-AzLocalNetworkGateway.

Use the following example to configure BGP properties:

Enable BGP with Set-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayConnection.

You can disable BGP by changing the '-EnableBGP' property value to $False. Diablo 3 ros cd key generator. Refer to BGP on Azure VPN gateways for more detailed explanations of BGP on Azure VPN gateways.

Apply a custom IPsec/IKE policy on the connection

You can apply an optional IPsec/IKE policy to specify the exact combination of IPsec/IKE cryptographic algorithms and key strengths on the connection, instead of using the default proposals. The following sample script creates a different IPsec/IKE policy with the following algorithms and parameters:

  • IKEv2: AES256, SHA256, DHGroup14
  • IPsec: AES128, SHA1, PFS14, SA Lifetime 14,400 seconds & 102,400,000 KB

Refer to IPsec/IKE policy for S2S or VNet-to-VNet connections for a complete list of algorithms and instructions.

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Add another S2S VPN connection

Add an additional S2S VPN connection to the same VPN gateway, create another local network gateway, and create a new connection between the new local network gateway and the VPN gateway. Use the following examples, making sure to modify the variables to reflect your own network configuration.

There are now two S2S VPN connections to your Azure VPN gateway.

Delete a S2S VPN connection

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Delete a S2S VPN connection with Remove-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayConnection.

Delete the local network gateway if you no longer need it. You cannot delete a local network gateway if there are other connections associated with it.

Clean up resources

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If this configuration is part of a prototype, test, or proof-of-concept deployment, you can use the Remove-AzResourceGroup command to remove the resource group, the VPN gateway, and all related resources.

Next steps

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In this tutorial, you learned about creating and managing S2S VPN connections such as how to:

  • Create an S2S VPN connection
  • Update the connection property: pre-shared key, BGP, IPsec/IKE policy
  • Add more VPN connections
  • Delete a VPN connection

Advance to the following tutorials to learn about S2S, VNet-to-VNet, and P2S connections.

How to Add a New Pre-Shared Key

If you are using pre-shared keys, you must have one pre-shared key for every policy entry in the ipsecinit.conf file. If you add new policy entries while IPsec and IKE are running, the in.iked daemon can read in new keys. This procedure assumes the following:

  • The in.iked daemon is running

  • The interface that you want to protect with IPsec is an entry in the /etc/hosts file on both systems, for example:


  • You have added a new policy entry to the /etc/inet/ipsecinit.conf file on both systems. For example, the entry on enigma looks something like the following:


    For example, the entry on ada looks something like the following:


  • You have created a rule for the interface on ada in the /etc/inet/ike/config file on both systems. For example, the rule on enigma looks something like the following:


    For example, the rule on ada looks something like the following:


    Note –

    All arguments to auth_method must be on the same line.

  1. On the system console, become superuser or assume an equivalent role.

    Note –

    Logging in remotely exposes security-critical traffic to eavesdropping. Even if you somehow protect the remote login, the total security of the system is reduced to the security of the remote login session.

  2. Check that the in.iked daemon permits you to change keying material.


    You can change keying material if the command returns a privilege level of 0x1 or 0x2. Level 0x0 does not permit keying material operations. By default, the in.iked daemon runs at the 0x0 level of privilege.

  3. If the in.iked daemon does not permit you to change keying material, kill the daemon. After killing the daemon, restart the daemon with the correct privilege level.

    For example,


  4. Generate random keys and combine the output to create a key of 64 to 448 bits.

    On a Solaris system, you can use the odMicrosoft word wont open my document mac. command.


    For an explanation of the command, see How to Generate Random Numbers and the od(1) man page.

  5. By some means, send the key to the administrator of the communicating system.

    You are both going to add the same pre-shared key at the same time.

  6. Add the new keying material with the add preshared subcommand in the ikeadm command mode.


    id-type

    The type of the id.

    id

    IP address when id-type is IP.

    mode

    The IKE mode. main is the only accepted value.

    key

    The pre-shared key in hexadecimal format.

    For example, on host enigma, you add the key for the new interface, ada, 192.168.15.7


    On host ada, the administrator would add the identical key, as in:


    Note –

    A message of the form Error: invalid preshared key definition indicates that you gave incorrect arguments to the add preshared command. You might have mistyped a parameter. You might have omitted a parameter. Retype the command correctly to add the key.

  7. Exit the ikeadm command mode.


  8. On each system, lower the privilege level of the in.iked daemon.


  9. On each system, activate the ipsecinit.conf file to secure the added interface.


    Note –

    Read the warning when you execute the command. A socket that is already latched, that is, the socket is in use, provides an unsecured back door into the system.

  10. On each system, read in the new rules by using the ikeadm command.

    A sample of the new rules for ada and enigma are at the start of the procedure. Because the rules are in the /etc/inet/ike/config file, the name of the file does not have to be specified.


  11. To ensure that IKE pre-shared keys are available at reboot, edit the /etc/inet/secret/ike.preshared file.

    Enter the arguments to the add preshared command into the file on each system, as shown in the following substeps.

    1. For example, on the enigma system, you would add the following keying information to the ike.preshared file:


    2. On the ada system, you would add the following keying information to the ike.preshared file: